S Vasanthi, deputy superintendent, Tamil Nadu Archaeology Department, inspecting the site on Wednesday | P Justine
Tirunelveli :
A sleepy village now, Ukkirankottai in the district was a bustling centre of trade and commerce till the reign of the Pandiyas. The ongoing excavations here has thrown new light on human settlement and trade during the period.
Remnants of ancient temples besides tiles, terracotta figurines, decorated pot shards, Chinese pots, beads and bangles have been found so far at the place located between Azhagiya Pandiyapuram and Alankulam.
Briefing the media about the excavation, going on for more than 10 days, S Vasanthi, Deputy Superintendent of Archeology said, “The site was selected on the basis of available historical records such as stone and copper inscriptions which establish the early and later Pandiya connections to Ukkirankottai. Besides, there were also remains of a Pandiya fort and temples. Hence, our present excavation focuses on the human settlement, trade and cultural materials of the Pandiya rule.”
Pandiyan era objects, including a terracotta sculpture (middle) found in Ukkirankottai
The excavations are being carried out at five places in the farmlands. “The team has identified the remains of a temple of early Pandiyas. We are not able to identify the deity. Based on the architectural design of the basement and other remains such as tower, we assume that it belongs to early Pandiya rule, but renovated later,” she said. Elaborating on other materials unearthed from the trenches, J Ranjith, Excavation director, said “We have so far unearthed ammikal (grinding stone), pot shards, bangles, beads, tiles, roofs, iron logs and terracotta sculptures belonging to early Pandiyas. At the same time, we have also identified Chinese pots belonging to later Pandiya rule – 13th to 16th century. This reveals the trade links of Ukkirankottai.”
“While the wheel made pots are fine products, hand made pots are decorated with either coir or nail impressions,” he added.
Stressing the historical and political importance of this place during the Pandiya rule, former senior Epigraphist V Vedhachalam told Express that Ukkirankottai was an important military base for the early Pandiya kings (from 600 AD to 1000 AD). Ukkirankottai was earlier called as Karagiri or Karakondapuram. During 9th century, a military leader named Ukkiran resisted Pandiya supremacy following which Paranthaka Veeranarayanan invaded Karakondapuram and defeated Ukkiran, he pointed out.
source: http://www.newindianexpress.com / The New Indian Express / Home> States> Tamil Nadu / by Express News Service / June 18th, 2015
A jamun tree more than 250 years old and a 200-year-old fig tree have been identified in Salem district. They were identified during a research study conducted by retired IFS officer V Sundararaju recently. After retiring from the service, he took on the post of president, Society for Conservation of Nature (SOFCON), Trichy.
According to him, he identified the age of the trees based on the aesthetic, botanical, horticultural, ecological, social, cultural and historical values. “The main criteria for considering a tree as heritage tree are its size, form, shape, age, colour and rarity,” said Sundararaju.
The largest fig tree is found on the western foothills of Yercaud on the river bank of Sarabanga in Denishpet forest range of Salem district. “Its girth is measured at 7.94m and is 28m in height. The wood is not durable, but is said to last well under water and good for well frames. The figs are edible but are usually found with insects,” he said.
The team of researchers also found a jamun tree with a girth of 8.52m and a height of 22m. They found the tree in Kadukkamarathur, a tribal village of Yercaud hills. The researchers calculated its age to be more than 250 years. “There are several jamun trees in Yercaud hills but this tree is the largest of them all. Fortunately, it has managed to escape the axe of wood choppers,” he said.
Sundararaju said that both trees could be classified as heritage trees. These kinds of trees are generally large individual trees with unique value which is considered irreplaceable. These trees take decades and centuries to mature.
“We have many interesting trees across the state. But, no systematic study has been undertaken to identify and prepare a catalogue of these giant trees. Besides the study, awareness programmes must be conducted for villagers, school and college students. Committees must be formed to protect these sacred heritage trees,” he said.
source: http://www.timesofindia.indiatimes.com / Times of India / Home> City> Coimbatore / by V. Senthil Kumaran, TNN / June 19th, 2015
She has pored over curvilinear walled houses in Upper Volta; shell-decorated chieftain’s houses in the villages of Fijian Islands; dome-shaped huts with stilt legs in Samoa Islands, Polynesia; huts with pitched roofs and a front porch in fortified Maori villages (New Zealand); castle-style farmhouses in the Taiaakon region (Dahomey); the large togunas (public buildings) supported by carved pillars in Mali; the diverse structures of Morocco; dwellings in British Columbia with free-standing totem poles in front of them; the log huts of Lapps in Scandinavia, and the huts of Naga Angamis.
There is more: the cusped roof structures with horns as insignia of rank in interior Assam; huts with saddleback roofs in New Guinea; dwellings with geometrically decorated walls in Mangbettu (Zaire); temporary shelters made from branches and pandanus leaves in Solomon Islands, Melanesia; keel-shaped tents of Ethiopian nomads; huts covered by mats and bent branches in eastern Madagascar, aboriginal cave dwellings in Australia…
And yes, she has been to Timbuktu!
Well, for Chennai-based Rohini Shanker, the study of primitive architecture around the globe has been a relentless, fascinating and satisfying three-decade odyssey. The charm never seems to wear off.
It sparked off when she first set foot in interior Alaska. Conical tents greeted her. “It was a shock. I had seen the same kind of structures in Mongolia on the other side of the globe,” reminisces the architect and designer. For Rohini, this exploration grew as a casual offshoot of her frequent travels abroad to attend conferences. She began to take a day or two to travel beyond the tourist spots. “It’s beautiful that tribal people see the entire land as their abode, their architecture. They are gentle and sociable, there is nothing aggressive about them. If they are afraid of you, they will keep away from you,” shares Rohini.
Giving it a skip
Strange as it seems, primitive architecture is a realm that has been overlooked by everyone — archaeologists, historians, and even art enthusiasts. Most architecture pundits tend to give primitive architecture short shrift, considering it to be a temporary solution to an existential challenge, and a dead end that really didn’t evolve into much. But that may not be the case, as pointed out by the architectural theorist Marc-Antoine Laugier.
Recall that as early as in 1755, Laugier had elucidated in his seminal but overlooked essay, Essay on Architecture, that the aesthetics and architecture of ancient Greek temples were drawn from the plan of the primitive hut, which is considered the oldest of habitations built by man. As he pointed out, the basic Doric style of architecture was inspired by the hut’s format in which a horizontal beam was supported by vertical tree trunks embedded into the ground, with a sloping roof to channel rainwater into the ground.
Considering the range of architectural features that come alive in the ancient primitive dwellings that Rohini Shanker has documented, it would be interesting if someone were to study them in depth.
While some of the features are quite apparent, others don’t hit the eye straightaway, and some other similarities are downright puzzling.
For instance, the pagodas of Buddhist temples bear something in common with the saddlebacked roofs in New Guinea, though the geographical and cultural distance between the sites dissuade the speculation. Likewise, the dome-shaped huts of the Polynesian islands show a definite resemblance to the domes of Islamic architecture. Nevertheless, leaving aside the road taken by primitive architecture, some of these structures are marvels by themselves.
Consider the case of the primitive tribes who live in Andaman Islands. “With just poles and leaves they build such simple and sturdy structures that bear the brunt of the sun, wind and of course, the islands’ spectacular and notorious monsoons. They manage this miracle because the structure is built in a way that allows the wind to blow through it rather than blow on it. I saw similar structures in Congo, but the foliage used for the roofing was different,” recalls Rohini.
Of course, primitive architecture cannot be viewed in isolation. Like other aspects of art and culture, it reflects a certain attitude towards life. Chiefly, a reverent and non-disruptive attitude towards nature. This is something that gets confirmed over and over again with any and every primitive dwelling that you consider.
Let live
Rohini points out to the aboriginal settlements in Uluru in Australia, which is an annual visit that she hasn’t missed for the last 30 years. “Without gadgets they know exactly where to find food and water, the raw materials to build their shelter, the mineral-rock pigments to make their dot-paintings, and the reeds to make their musical instruments (like didgeridoo). Their culture and attitude towards our planet is wonderful. Though this land is so tough to live in, they leave no footprint of themselves there. Not for building their homes, not for meeting their other needs,” remarks Rohini.
This is one of the reasons she reckons that we shouldn’t rush to ‘civilise’ the tribes who live in their own ‘archaic’ ways. “They continue to lead a happy life, without our lifestyle diseases. We shouldn’t enforce their culture, unless they ask for it,” is Rohini’s explanation.
The needs of primitive people by way of habitable structures were limited — a hut for home, a shrine for worship, a granary for storage, a stockade for defence, a cairn/mound as a grave marker of the shaman, chieftain and priest. But within the limitations of their needs, as also the limitations of the resources and the technology they have at hand, primitive architecture holds some elegant and fundamental solutions for architectural challenges, which is something that modern architects might ponder upon.
“I once asked a little child to draw houses, and I was amazed to see her come back with just rectangles. The child has seen nothing but our cuboidal blocks, towers and tenements. Well, that is the state of our architecture today, with most urban buildings tending to be just blocks. In this context, nobody realises just how exciting, interesting and rewarding studying primitive architecture can be,” remarks the architect.
source: http://www.deccanherald.com / Deccan Herald / Home> Supplements> Sunday Herald / by Hema Vijay, DHNS / June 14th, 2015
Journalist Vincent D’souza and historian S Muthiah | R Bavithraganesh
Chennai :
The city will witness a tribute to its heritage and culture at the annual week-long ‘Madras Week’ beginning on August 16.
Expectation has soared this time following last year’s success of the event, which had almost 200 and odd groups.
Programmes like group-walks with special focus on food, photography, history etc were a hit in the previous edition which drew in a swarm of people taking renewed interest in the city. This time, the idea is to encourage a localised approach, by helping organise area-wise activities. For example, the Fort St George trip last time was conducted by Heritage Club of schools taking students to the oldest landmark (375 years) from where the city came to grow. “We would even like to have a Kutthupaatu event. It is such a Madras thing isn’t it,” says Vincent D’Souza, one of the key organisers of Madras Week.
“There is an upsurge of citizen-driven programmes of late. This Madras Week is an unique movement to celebrate them” says S R Madhu of Rotary Club (Madras South), member of the Madras Week team. Whether it’s a walk to identify 70 types of trees or a gallery show, the essence of Madras Week is ultimately to bring realisation on the cultural value of this city.
Founded by historian S Muthiah, the board of Madras Week, comprises journalists, members of Indian National Trust for Art and Heritage (INTACH) and the Rotary Club of Madras.
The web page www.madrasweek.in is the official platform for all updates and an updated version of the Madras Week app is also in the pipeline. Simultaneously, those interested in planning group activities or events to celebrate or experience Madras, could write to editor@madrasmusings.com and themadrasday@gmail.com and they would serve as the networking platform and the go-to people for anyone with an idea.
source: http://www.newindianexpress.com / The New Indian Express / Home> States> Tamil Nadu / by Express News Service / June 16th, 2015
Many have written about Mamallapuram, but no one account is final when it comes to the ancient port town of the Pallavas. Arguments on its architecture, inscriptions and style still rage on. On the famous ‘Arjuna’s Penance’ in Mamallapuram, heritage expert R Gopu mentions Chicago-based art historian Michael D Rabe’s view that the great piece of art also means ‘the descent of the Ganges’. “If you look at it closely you will know there are a number of events based on various themes. That’s why scholars like Rabe say it is both ‘Arjuna’s Penance’ and ‘the descent of the Ganges’,” said Gopu, a software engineer.
From being a remote village with monuments buried under the sand to its revelation as a gallery of Pallava art, launching an era of historical fiction in Tamil and still concealing mysteries, the history of Mamallapuram’s rediscovery is as fascinating as the history of its construction, said Gopu on Saturday. He was speaking on ‘2000 years of Mamallapuram’ as part of Tamil Heritage Trust’s monthly lecture in the city.
The speech was, in fact, a journey in search of the history of the port town before it became kingdom of the Pallavas. “Ancient manuscripts like ‘Periplus’ (a 1st century AD document that lists the ports and coastal landmarks) talk about this port town. Astronomer Claudius Ptolemy (140 AD) also mentioned it in his work. Many ancient records also show it was a flourishing port town. So Mamallapuram was a great town even before the Pallavas,” he said.
Gopu used British surveyor general Colin Mackenzie’s maps and sketches to show how the port town was rediscovered by experts, poets and artists. “The map that Mackenzie prepared can even beat our satellite map today. It’s so clear and made creatively to suit the port town. We can say it was a satellite map during the time when there were no satellites,” he said. Veteran landscape painter Thomas Daniell’s sketches of Mamallapuram, during the time he toured India in 1784, still provide an old world charm of the port town. “The paintings of Daniell show some towers and landscape which are not seen today. It gives a clear idea of the old structures and towers. So it’s through these artists, scholars and poets, we should look at Mamallapuram. If not, the picture of this great historic town will be incomplete,” said Gopu.
source: http://www.timesofindia.indiatimes.com / The Times of India / Home> City> Chennai / TNN /June 07th, 2015
J Prasannakumar, a delivery executive at a telemarketing company, grew up in the neighbourhood of the Government Rajaji Hospital. During his many visits to the hospital, he noticed that there were people who were in need of dire help. Touched, he began helping them out in what ways he could. Initially, he would help them locate their wards but as he became more involved, his activities widened.
Today, the 28-year-old graduate in business economics and his two friends arrange blood for the needy, buy them food, counsel them and admit helpless elderly people to homes, among other things. His friends N N Ajmal Hussain, a BCA graduate and C Vinoth, an MCA degree holder, joined him seven years after he began helping out at the hospital. For the past three years, the three have been spending at least five hours in the hospital everyday. Ajmal, who is a website designer, Vinoth, who is preparing for bank exams and Prasannakumar find time between work to help out patients.
Recently, when the summer vacations were going on for colleges, the hospital faced a shortage of blood donors as most of the contributions to blood banks usually came from students. The three youngsters arranged blood for the patients, and their efforts were much appreciated.
“We arrange blood for those who need it urgently. Anybody we know who needs help inside the hospital premises will get our support. Many patients need food and money to buy medicines from outside. If we have money, we help them. Otherwise, we connect the needy and the donors. We usually ask the donors to help directly and avoid mediation. However, some prefer to do it through us as they do not have time to spare,” Ajmal said.
“We are not an NGO. We have not kept a name for the group. We are friends and do it purely for the satisfaction of helping someone in need,” he added.
The hospital deals with about 10, 000 outpatients and 3000 inpatients every day.
“They are favourites among people in the hospital. From arranging blood to helping the patients and their attenders, they do a lot on the premises,” said a senior doctor from the hospital.
source: http://www.timesofindia.indiatimes.com / The Times of India / Home> City> Madurai / by Devanathan Veerappan, TNN / June 13th, 2015
When Susheela Raman sings ‘Paalum Thelithenum’ (milk and pure honey), an Avvaiyar prayer to Vinayaka recited everyday by millions of Tamil children, with a twang in her velvety voice, the invitation is surely compelling. What is to be lisped with childish innocence, however, assumes a husky edge in Susheela’s beginning line. When she repeats the word ‘thunga’ (elephant trunk) unnecessarily and distorts and elongates ‘thoo’ in the word ‘thoomaniye” (pure and precious treasure), ‘maniye’ is completely lost on us. Tamil listeners may now feel far removed from the prayer they learned in childhood.
We have already forgiven her for mispronouncing the word ‘theli’ in ‘thelithenum’ with a lighter ‘l’ which is a common mistake television newsreaders in Tamil Nadu commit. But Tamils would wonder why the line offering four eatables to Vinayaka invites a swaying of the hips from Susheela. And even before we come out of our wonder Susheela makes the gesture of spinning a top and lifts her hand like a cricket umpire while praying to Vinayaka for proficiency in Tamil. She doesn’t stop there. Ecstatic gyrations, eyes-shut trances, and wild hair whippings follow, accompanied by electric guitar riffs.
For the traditional Tamil, Susheela Raman’s sound, gestures and gyrations may be controversial. But, in taking the genre of Tamil bhakti to a global audience, UK-born Susheela, a major star of world music, in her own way communicates the essence of the genre — invoking ecstasy. She declares on her website: “I don’t want to respect artificial barriers between music, I want to channel everything into the experience. Music is like a goddess that is always changing its mind, never straightforward. To earn her blessings and stay close to her, musicians have to try new things.”
For Susheela, the ecstasy that Tamil bhakti music seeks to provide is not to be achieved through slow ascendance. She simply plunges into it in the very first opening line as she does in the album ‘Vel’. K B Sunderambal, Madurai Somasundram, and Bangalore Ramani Amma would have also begun their first line of their Murugan bhakti song in a high pitch and gone for a higher pitch as the song progressed. Susheela has no such compulsions and her European audience would not have cared less had she opted for a more sober opening. However, Susheela’s first leap into ecstasy facilitates her fusion, like in her rendering of Madurai Somu’s ‘Marudamalai maamaniye murugaiyya’.
In the song, Somu ascends into emotional heights only after a few syllables. Kunnakudi Vaidhyanathan’s violin accentuates Somu’s climb and the ecstatic bursts come nearly at the end. What Susheela does is to begin in the second half of the original Tamil song, and replace the native morsing, ghatam, and violin interlude with the singing of Mian Miri Qawwals from Lahore. Followed by the tabla, Susheela launches her ‘Marudamalai maamaniye’ from a still higher pitch with a faster rhythm.
The effect is terrific because of the newness of the Qawwali singing merging perfectly with the high singing of Tamil bhakti music. The faster rhythm does not allow Susheela to distort words as she does in other songs. When she hands over the mantle back to the Quwwali chorus the similarity of rhythms smoothens the transition. Susheela’s frenzied whipping of the hair does add its visual quality to the orgasmic outbursts. In a way Susheela discovers and demonstrates the inner flow and the connectivity that exists between Qawwali singing and Tamil bhakti music.
When she sings ‘Velundu mayilundu’ with the interceptions from Quwwali musicians singing ‘Nuri Nuri’, the mixture already feels like a natural flow. It also becomes clear that the meanings of the words no longer matter to anyone except the singers themselves. For the audience, it’s all pure rhythmic sounds and bodily gestures.
Tamil bhakti music is at the centre of her three albums: Salt Rain, Music For Crocodiles, and 331/3. In Tamil Nadu, bhakti music is a vehicle for devotees to achieve communion with their gods guided through the meaning of words. The ecstatic experience is supposed to be the result of such a communion. In the Susheela Raman variety of world music, the ecstasy and emotional heights are already there as rhythms, sounds, gestures, and ambience. Devoid of meanings delivered by words, we experience words mingling with other sounds to create pure music. Perhaps only through such channels and loss of ‘word meaning’, native Tamil bhakti music could reach out and achieve a universal appeal.
For Tamil bhakti music is both ancient and contemporary and is deeply ingrained in the consciousness of Tamils living worldwide. For instance, while the poem ‘Paalum thelithenum’ is a Sangam-age composition attributed to Avvaiyar, the grand old lady of Tamil poetry, ‘Marudamalai maamaniye murugaiyya’ is a film song written by Kannadasan. Along with the Saivite and Vaishnavite bhakti movements, Murugan worship had seeped through Tamil history from ancient times, and it achieved canonical status in the 15th century as evidenced by the corpus of songs by Arunagirinathar. Trance behavior and Tamil Murugan bhakti are intimately intertwined, and it takes a Susheela Raman to identify its potential to sync with the ecstasy of Sufi Quwaali music of Pakistan.
(The author is a writer and folklorist who heads the National Folklore Support Centre, Chennai)
source: http://www.timesofindia.indiatimes.com / The Times of India / Home> City> Chennai / by M D Muthukumaraswamy, TNN / June 13th, 2015
Australian MP, Williams Matti and the Adelaide Tamil Association have heaped praise on Chief Minister J Jayalalithaa for her strenuous and unceasing efforts to spread the glory of the Tamil language across the globe.
The Australian MP, while speaking in the Australian Parliament on June 4, hailed the International Tamil Conference and Seminar, organised recently by the Tamil Development Department of the Tamil Nadu government. He said it was the first of its kind to be hosted in Australia for the Tamil people living there.
“It was great that the Tamil Nadu government and the World Tamil Association chose Torrensville Primary School in my electorate to facilitate the event. The two-day seminar and workshop covered teaching, education and development of Tamil language and culture for communities outside India.
Lawrence Annadurai, president of Adelaide Tamil Association, in his letter to Chief Minister J Jayalalithaa, congratulated her on taking over the reigns of the State government for the fifth time and expressed confidence that Tamils across the globe were praising her measures for the welfare of the people of Tamil Nadu and those living abroad.
He said the international Tamil conference, held recently was highly praised by many personalities in Australia. Zoe Bettison, Minister for Communities and Social Inclusion, Grace Portolesi, Minister for Multicultural Affairs and Chair of South Australian Multicultural Ethnic Affairs Commission, Angela Keneally, Mayor, City of Charles Sturt and many other invitees from Australian Government who attended the conference lauded the conference.
When traditional Tamil music was played, they danced to the tunes happily, he added.
source: http://www.newindianexpress.com / The New Indian Express / Home> States> Tamil Nadu / by Express News Service / June 11th, 2015
Dr. R. Kalaikovan with Dr. M. Nalini and Dr. R. Akila at the Sri Ranganatha Swamy temple in Srirangam. Photo: M. Srinath
This trio of scholars has been steadily working to chronicle the temple heritage of southern India
“The history that has survived for so long surely knows how to take care of itself,” says Dr. R. Kalaikovan, an ophthalmologist who balances his medical practice with his ardent love for researching the state’s past, particularly through its temples.
Assisted by his former students and now experts in their own right, professors M. Nalini and A. Akila, Dr. Kalaikovan has been the brain behind the Tiruchi-based Dr. M. Rajamanikkanar Centre for Historical Research Centre, named after his father, the outstanding scholar and Reader of Tamil at the Madras University.
A distinction student at school-level history, the young Kalaikovan opted to study Medicine at the Madras Medical College, and followed it up with a Diploma in Ophthalmology. He shifted to Tiruchi after marriage in the 1970s. “From 1975-80, I was strictly an ophthalmologist. I had no knowledge of history but for what I had learned in my school days,” he recalls.
In 1980, the priest of Woraiyur’s Panchavarna Swamy temple invited Dr. Kalaikovan for a prayer of thanksgiving after the successful cataract operation that he had done on him.
“After the prayer, while taking a look around, I came across the carving of a bicycle on a pillar behind the Amman temple,” says Dr. Kalaikovan. “It was so funny and intriguing to see the picture of a cycle in an ancient temple. But neither the officials nor the scholar who wrote its history, were able to explain how it came there. I started researching this fact.”
Through multiple forays into the history of the bicycle (which was invented in Germany in 1800s), and the Chola-era Woraiyur temple, he theorised that the vehicle was possibly a novelty in Tiruchi of the 1920s, when the temple had been renovated. “Perhaps the sculptor had seen someone on a cycle, was impressed by it and had recorded it forever on stone,” says Dr. Kalaikovan. “After this I got so interested in temple history, that I could no longer leave it.
“The builder of the temple, Kochengannan Chozhan, was the first to develop the typical temple complex in the 5th century. He premiered the concept of building temples on a maada (raised platform), followed by the Vimana (tower above the sanctum-sanctorum), to protect the structure from the flooding of the Cauvery.”
The centre has since found 34 such temples in the State.
Detailed projects
Among the many achievements of this trio of scholars is a district-wise directory of all the 105 cave temples of the State, a seven-volume magnum opus that took ten years to complete. “There is a line of thought among English-language historians that cave temple architecture doesn’t belong to Tamil Nadu, and was an idea copied from Maharashtra or the Kalinga empire. We have only 20 large cave temples, but the sculptures are excellent. And there is a difference in style and presentation, which we want to prove conclusively in our next publication,” says Dr. Kalaikovan.
The other major work of archival value that the team has undertaken is a detailed exploration of the nine monoliths of Mamallapuram.
With a sense of a teacher’s pride in his brilliant students, Dr. Kalaikovan credits Nalini and Akila for their dedication in highlighting temples as centres of history. “Around 1000 inscriptions have been found by these two scholars,” he says. “There are a lot of people, but few with dedication in historical research. Of the 60 students I have coached, 50 are women, but they have disappeared after graduation, due to domestic constraints. I request more women to come forward to work in archaeology, history and temple study, because they have a sense of devotion and attention to detail that is missing in men.”
Epigraphic snapshots
Dr. Nalini, associate professor of history at the Seethalakshmi Ramaswami College, describes the cave temple directory as her best work to date. She was drawn towards epigraphy as a specialisation in her Ph.D, when she compared temple inscriptions between a fertile and barren area of Perambalur. “We were able to discover many details about the life and agricultural output of the villages through these inscriptions,” she says.
“When we discover an inscription, we inform the print media first and then the government authorities, so that they can copy it when they are on a tour here. Even though the Tamil alphabet has evolved, most of the meanings are to be interpreted through palaeographic study and through the historical references of the period,” she adds.
“Inscription study gives real history,” says Dr. Kalaikovan. “An inscription is like a register of events, showing the connections of the temple to society and political authorities. For example in Thirumayam, there is a Perumal temple and Sivan temple in the same campus. At the end of the 13th century, it was separated for worship. The details of this partition were decided by a committee of villagers, scholars and outside observers. The treaty discusses how the two temples would be separated, and also how the common areas would be used. It really surprised us to see the amount of balance and objectivity despite the quarrel behind the issue,” says Dr. Kalaikovan.
Guiding youngsters
Dr. Akila, who is an assistant professor of history at Arignar Anna Government Arts and Science College, Musiri, joined the centre as a student in 1989. Unable to secure a place in M.Phil after her Masters degree, she was advised by Dr. Kalaikovan to apply directly for her Ph.D at Bharathidasan University instead. Her highly-commended thesis on the Pazhuvur temple was the first to be written in Tamil.
Her work on the Mamallapuram monoliths, which included identifying the builder and recording the epigraphy, is perhaps the most detailed project of its kind on the historical relic.
“Since I’m now in the field, and want to improve, I try to guide the students in temple study, in its architecture and inscriptions,” says Dr. Akila. “Recently, a third-year student told us about a slab with an inscription at the Thirukameswar Temple, Vellore, which Nalini was able to identify and decipher. We usually give the credit to the students who spot the inscriptions, to help them with their projects.”
Save the legacy
Some facts may never emerge from the veil of times past, concedes Dr. Kalaikovan. “There is no doubt at all that our temple builders had real scientific knowledge. But unfortunately they have not recorded it in either literary or epigraphic form,” he says. “The temple builders never cared for their names, they only wanted to leave the structures behind as their legacy.”
Which makes it all the more important for the succeeding generations to take care of them, says Dr. Kalaikovan. “Temples should be treated as sacred history spaces, and maintained by the community. We must teach the people how to enjoy the temple and keep it clean for worship.”
***
Fact file
Dr. M. Rajamanikkanar Centre for Historical Research was established in 1982 by his son Dr. R. Kalaikovan, an ophthalmologist. Dr. M. Nalini and Dr. R. Akila are its honorary assistant-directors.
The centre publishes an annual magazine called Varalaaru. Its monthly web-zine titled varalaaru.com is run by five software professionals with an interest in history, and has 109 issues online so far.
Besides a vast database of research material generated by its own scholars, the centre also periodically guides students and holds awareness programmes on temple preservation.
Dr. Kalaikovan may be emailed at kalaikkovanr@yahoo.com
source: http://www.thehindu.com / The Hindu / Home> Features> MetroPlus / by Nahla Nainar / June 12th, 2015
Amma canteens may have been a recent phenomenon because of its low-cost food, but for many residents and passengers arriving at the Anna Bus Terminal in the city it has always been R Pooranathammal and her husband who have been running a non-profit canteen for over five decades. On Wednesday, a pall of gloom descended in the locality after Pooranathammal, 73, died of age-related ailment. The love and affection the couple commanded was visible when many youths and other thronged their residence to mourn her death. Her husband, S Ramu, 79, was inconsolable at the passing away of his wife.
Pooranathammal and Ramu were running their non-profit canteen especially for the poor and needy for the past 50 years. The elderly couple serve one full meal for just Rs 10. In fact, till a few months back, they served meals at just Rs 6. Many people from Madurai and its surrounding areas like Theni, Dindigul, Virudhunagar and Sivaganga who arrive at the bus terminal used to have food at their canteen. The couple, hailing from T Kallikudi near Tirumangalam in Madurai shifted to the city in search of livelihood and started the canteen.
Their canteen was a favourite for hungry students including those from the Madurai Medical College, which is situated very close by.
Pooranathammal and Ramu’s bonding with the students was such that once they pass out from the portals of the medical college many of them call on the elderly couple and present them with clothes.
“She used to scold me if I insist on taking money. She will always smile and serve even if people do not have the nominal amount to pay. It was because of her support we were able to serve people for so many year. At times, if I do not wake up on time due to tiredness, she would not expect me. She will open the canteen and start preparing the food. That was the commitment she had,” he said breaking out into tears.
“We used to have food at the canteen. It is cheap but the quality used to be good. We recently appreciated their service by handing over mementos at a function,” said R Stalin from Padikattugal, a youth organization into public service.
Breakfast and lunch is being served in the canteen. The daily limited meals include sambar, rasam and butter milk accompanied by one vegetable koottu and it was served for just Rs 10. Even idly and dosa were served at the cost of Rs 10. One can get four idlis or two dosas for just Rs 10.
source: http://www.timesofindia.indiatimes.com / The Times of India / Home> City> Madura / TNN / June 1th, 2015
