Category Archives: Historical Links, Pre-Independence

Death centenary of a Dravidian leader

 

Pandit Iyothee Thass / by Special Arrangement / The Hindu
Pandit Iyothee Thass / by Special Arrangement / The Hindu
He had his roots in The Nilgiris: Nilgiri Documentation Centre

The Kotagiri based Nilgiri Documentation Centre (NDC) has pointed out that 2014 marks the death centenary of a pioneering Dravidian leader who had his roots in the Nilgiris.

Stating that not many are aware of this, NDC Director Dharmalingam Venugopal has in a statement issued here on Wednesday pointed out that Pandit Iyothee Thass (1845-1914), who was born in Coimbatore, was brought up in the English household of George Harrington in Ooty. His father worked for the Harringtons. Thass was originally named Kathavarayan.

Tamil scholarThass became a well known Siddha practitioner and Tamil scholar with expertise in the traditional knowledge on astrology and palm-leaf manuscript reading. In 1870, Thass founded Adhvaidhananda Sabha in Ooty. In 1891, he established an organisation called the Dravida Mahajana Sabha, and organised the first conference at Ooty. In that conference, 10 resolutions were passed including the one on enacting a criminal law to punish those who humiliated untouchables, creating separate schools and providing scholarships for matriculation education for untouchable children; providing employment for educated untouchables, and representation for untouchables in District Boards and Municipal Boards.

In 1898, Thass visited Sri Lanka and converted himself to Buddhism under the influence of Colonel Olcott of Theosophical Society and founded ‘The Sakya Buddhist Society’ at Royapettah, Madras. In 1907, Thass launched his journal ‘Oru Paisa Tamilan’ as an organ of this organisation.

After a year the name was changed to ‘Tamilan’. It was edited, published and owned by Thass. The average circulation of the weekly was 500. The ‘Tamilan’ is considered the most renowned journal in Dalit print history because of its rich content and ideology.

In 1881, when the colonial Government planned to carry out the second census, Thass gave a memorandum to the Government requesting that the people of depressed classes in Tamil speaking land should be considered as Adi-Tamilar and not as Hindus.

Thass died in 1914. The institute for Siddha Research in Chennai is named after him.

source: http://www.thehindu.com / The Hindu / Home> News> Cities> Coimbatore / by Special Correspondent / Udhagamandalam – November 13th, 2014

Chennai historian sets off on trail of Tanjore Marathas

Chennai :

In October 1677, Maratha ruler Chhatrapati Shivaji paid a visit incognito to the Kalikambal temple in George Town, supposedly while contemplating an attack on the British forces. He came, he saw, he prayed, though he never did conquer.

“He finally decided against fighting,” said historian and archaeologist Dr S Suresh, Tamil Nadu State convener of Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage (INTACH), who will give a talk on the Art and Architecture of the Tanjore Marathas for the Chennai chapter of the organisation on Wednesday, at Amethyst, a cafe and shop in Royapettah.

A few years before Shivaji’s visit, his half-brother Venkaji had made travelled to Tanjore to sort out a succession issue among the Nayak rulers. “Venkaji pitted one against the other and took charge of the kingdom, establishing the Tanjore Maratha dynasty in the south in 1676,” said Suresh, who completed his second PhD on the Marathas.

Several Maratha families also came to the south and settled in Tanjore, Vellore and Chennai. “Over the years, they developed their own culture and language, which is very different from the Mumbai Marathis,” he said. “Today’s Tanjore Marathis speak a dialect, which is completely different from Marathi.”

Suresh will also be releasing a book on the history of the Tanjore Marathas, a clan that had been ignored in most Indian history books. “They contributed to the art, architecture and culture of south India in a number of ways, but most of that is forgotten,” he said.

“They never destroyed an enemy’s building, but preserved and expanded them, always using the same material used in the existing structure,” said Suresh, citing the example of the Tanjore Big Temple in which the Marathas added a sub-shrine dedicated to Lord Nataraja.

“The Marathas ordinarily used brick to build their temples. But here they used stone for the sub-shrine because that was what was used in the rest of the temple. No one can tell the sub-shrine was added later.”

source: http://www.timesofindia.indiatimes.com / The Times of India / Home> City> Chennai / by Kamini Mathai , TNN /  September 24th, 2014

Historian brings Dutch history in Chennai to life

Chennai :

The sombre surrounds of the Tamil Nadu Archives are at home with history, their halls accustomed to quiet scholarship. But on Tuesday afternoon, history leaped off the pages as Dr Bauke van der Pol, Dutch cultural anthropologist, introduced a full house to his recent book, The Dutch East India Company in India. His scholarship studies the trade links between the Netherlands and India, beginning with the 16th century and petering out in the 19th.

It was the archives’ first public address after four years, the institution being a vital resource for Dr Pol’s research. In fact it was the Dutch embassy that helped the state archives preserve and digitize its Dutch papers, which can be accessed on the website of the National Archives of Netherlands, albeit in Dutch.

Back in Egmore, Dr Pol’s presentation opened with a monogram of The United Dutch East India Company, whose acronym in Dutch (VOC) is said to be the oldest trademark of a multinational. Evidence of the trademark can be found across India, in the still-standing monuments of former Dutch settlements like Kochi, Chinsurah, Nagapattinam and Sadras. “India has a longer relationship with the Dutch than America does,” Dr Pol said.

The first Dutchman arrived in India in 1568, but trade ties were first established in 1604, when on November 11, Admiral Setven van der Hagen landed in Malabar to sign a defence and trade treaty with the Zamorin of Kozhikode. The Dutch East India Company had been established two years before this in 1602.

Although Madras was not a Dutch settlement, its neighbouring Pulicat was a stronghold; the best surviving evidence of this is the Dutch cemetery. “People presumed pirates were buried there because of the skull and skeleton carvings,” says Dr Pol, who had to enlighten people about the features of 18th century cemetery design.

source: http://www.timesofindia.indiatimes.com / The Times of India / Home> City> Chennai / by Joeanna Rebello Fernandes, TNN / November 12th, 2014

Chennai’s graves to figure in WW I commemoration events

Chennai :

The government of India is planning a four-year-long celebration of the centenary of World War 1 (1914-1918) and Chennai, with its three Commonwealth War Graves Commission sites, will definitely feature in the commemorative events, says CWGC India office manager Naresh Kalra.

“This is the first of the four-year celebrations, which will go on till 2018. The CWGC sites in New Delhi, Pune, and Chennai are on the map for the celebrations although dates and events have not yet been finalised. This is a defence and diplomatic exercise and is coordinated by the Ministry of Defence, Government of India,” said Kalra, adding that the celebrations, whether at the CWGC sites or elsewhere, are coordinated by the Ministry of Defence.

In Chennai, the three CWGC cemeteries are at Nandambakkam (the largest), set up in 1952, the second within St Mary’s Church cemetery (one acre with 123 graves) and the third at St Patrick’s Church cemetery (5 graves).

“There are no graves in any of the three CWGC sites here for the Indian soldiers who died in the first or second world wars. We only have the graves of the British who served in the Indian army. We have a World War 1 memorial wall listing the names of 1,039 British soldiers and 25 graves. The rest of the graves are for soldiers of World War II,” said N Rajarajan, who has been in charge of the CWGC graves in Chennai for 23 years.

He added that the only war memorial in the city that honours soldiers who fought the world wars and other wars was at Island grounds. “It is maintained by the government of India and not CWGC,” said Rajarajan.

While the Government of India is getting its events in order, Rajarajan says plans are afoot to finally get a proper drainage system at the Nandambakkam cemetery. “Up until 2002, we used to hold the Remembrance Day ceremony (usually the second week of November) here at Nandambakkam but had to change the venue to St Mary’s Church because of the flooding. Hopefully, the new drainage system will help,” he said.

On Sunday, November 9, about a hundred diplomats, army personnel and residents of the city gathered at St Mary’s Church to commemorate Remembrance Day, in honour of those who fell in the two world wars. “We had the customary prayer, wreath-laying and bugle service,” said Rajarajan.

More than one million Indian soldiers served overseas, in different theatres, during World War 1.

source: http://www.timesofindia.indiatimes.com / The Times of India / Home> City> Chennai / by Kamini Mathai, TNN / November 11th, 2014

Two idols, copper plates found in Srirangam temple

Trichy  :

Two idols and copper plates with inscriptions were excavated during the renovation work at the Srirangam temple on Tuesday.

The 10.45 crore renovation work led to the findings near the Parthsarathy temple, where the labourers were working for the past few days. While digging a platform near the temple, the workers found the idols and plates. They immediately alerted HR and CE authorities. According to the joint commissioner of HR & CE P Jayaraman, a two- feet idol of Chandrashekarar and another idol of Lord Ganesha in a dancing position were excavated. A set of copper plates with inscriptions were also found near the spot. Jayaraman said,

“We have no idea about the type and make of the idols. We have alerted ASI authorities, who would be able provide more details on the idols.”

source: http://www.thehindu.com / The Hindu / Home> City> Trichy / TNN / October 08th, 2014

Celebrating 75 years of friendship

Members of the G.D.Naidu family with the Stoll family of Esslingen, Germany, during a celebration of the 75th year of friendship between the two families, in Coimbatore. Photo:K.Ananthan / The Hindu
Members of the G.D.Naidu family with the Stoll family of Esslingen, Germany, during a celebration of the 75th year of friendship between the two families, in Coimbatore. Photo:K.Ananthan / The Hindu

What makes the bonding between the two families significant is that it has expanded to become a relationship between two cities (Coimbatore and Esslingen) and two countries

It was September of 1939 and Europe faced the Second World War. Forty- six-year-old Gopalswamy Doraiswamy Naidu from Coimbatore was on a business trip to Germany and was at Holzmaden, Esslingen. He had no place to stay or get vegetarian food and spent a night under the open sky.

Berta Stoll, wife of Gottlieb Stoll, saw G.D. Naidu and invited him to their home, which was nearby. Naidu stayed with the Stoll family for four or five days, cooked his own food with vegetables picked from their garden and thus began the story of a friendship, which has lasted for 75 years, between the two families.

A few years after his visit to Germany, when businesses were down in that country and there were no buyers for German products, Mr. Naidu wrote to his friends the world over, recommending Festo products from the company of the Stolls.

What makes the bonding between the two families significant is that in the last seven-and-a-half decades, it has expanded to become a relationship between two cities (Coimbatore and Esslingen) and the two countries.

About 20 members of the Stoll family are here on a five-day visit. The second, third and fourth generations of the two families — Stoll and G.D. Naidu- gathered in the city on Sunday to celebrate 75 years of their friendship.

Members of the two families recollected the visits to India and Germany, their education and early days of work at each other’s factories, exchanged gifts and cut a cake.

There is a proposal to twin Coimbatore and Esslingen and the Esslingen Coimbatore Association has been formed. Over the years, the Stolls have also contributed to institutes and hospitals here.

“The Stoll family is into water conservation and research on waste water treatment. We can work together for water conservation and waste water treatment projects here,” says Vanitha Mohan, Managing Trustee of Siruthuli.

According to Coimbatore Mayor P. Rajkumar, cooperation between Esslingen and Coimbatore will help in technology transfer and exchange of ideas. The Mayor of Esslingen is expected to visit Coimbatore next year and efforts are on to have an agreement between the two cities.

“The common interests and value systems have strengthened the friendship between the two families over the years and the friendship has made Coimbatore attractive to them, says a member of the G.D. Naidu family.

source: http://www.thehindu.com / The Hindu / Home> News> Cities> Coimbatore / by M. Soundariya Preetha / Coimbatore – October 29th, 2014

On the trail of the SMS Emden

The screening of Kreuzer Emden was an opportunity for the audience to reflect on the shared artistic traditions of India and Germany — Photo: M. Srinath / The Hindu
The screening of Kreuzer Emden was an opportunity for the audience to reflect on the shared artistic traditions of India and Germany — Photo: M. Srinath / The Hindu

Despite the rain and slushy roads, film and history buffs turned up in good numbers to watch the 1932 German war film, Kreuzer Emden, directed by Louis Ralph, at Woodlands theatre in Royapettah on Sunday morning.

The film is about the various missions of SMS Emden, a German warship, which bombed Madras on September 22, 1914, and its eventual destruction at the hands of an Australian warship, HMAS Sydney.

The screening, which was organised jointly by German Consulate General, Chennai and members of the Indo-Cine Appreciation Foundation, was preceded by a welcome address by Achin Fabig, consul general, and a short talk by Professor A.R. Venkatachalapathy from the Madras Institute of Development Studies, who provided the historical context.

“The screening of the film does not aim to further understand the role played by the Emden in World War I or to even glorify it. It takes a critical approach to the attack,” said Mr. Fabig.

Drawing attention to how the film’s cinematographer Josef Wirsching went on to work in several Hindi feature films in Bombay, he said that Indians and Germans also seem to have shared artistic traditions.

Professor Venkatachalapathy began his talk by bemoaning the fact that Indians care too little for history. “We understand war as something spectacular and tend to glorify it. India has been lucky not to have experienced destruction of such scale,” he said.

Speaking about the Emden, Professor Venkatachalapathy said that it symbolised the ascendancy of Germany on the seas, which had previously been dominated by England. “Within months of attacking Madras, it managed to pass into popular culture. It is today a part of local parlance,” he said.

source: http://www.thehindu.com / The Hindu / Home> News> Cities> Chennai / by Udhav Naig / Chennai – October 27th, 2014

Irula tribals in Thanikandi soon to take up agriculture

Coimbatore :

Irula tribals of Thanikandi hamlet abutting the Western Ghats near Narasipuram in Coimbatore district would soon be tilling large tracts of land for cultivation.

The residents of the village who earn paltry sums as daily wage labourers would now be roped into an agricultural federation under the World Bank funded Pudhu Vaazhvu Thittam through which they would take up cultivation. Coimbatore collector Archana Patnaik visited the hamlet on Tuesday and inspected the land identified for cultivation by the tribals.

“A stretch of 96 acres of forest settlement land has been identified for this purpose. The tribals have rights to enjoy the land but cannot sell it,” said Philips Ilayaraja, district project manager, Pudhu Vaazhvu. There are 64 Irula families in Thanikandi who will benefit from this scheme.

Philips said that some of the tribals in Thanikandi had tried their hand in agriculture two decades ago but dropped it due to various reasons. They started going out as daily wage labourers but the pay was very poor. The traditional means of livelihood, that of selling forest produce, also became difficult and unsustainable due to the increasing incidence of elephant movement in the locality.

“The tribals would commence cultivation once the shrubbery in the identified land is cleared,” Philips said.

This Pudhu Vaazhvu scheme has been extended to Thanikandi after its success when implemented on a pilot basis in Thondamuthur. The scheme was introduced in 13 hamlets comprising 850 families in the block a year ago at a cost of Rs55L. Cultivation has begun in 298 acres of forest land provided to them.

Archana Patnaik visited Saadivayal, one of the villages were tribals have started cultivation and inquired about the progress made regarding the project. The tribal women said they were cultivating brinjal, lady’s finger, onion, paddy and cotton. We are using organic manure only,” one of the women told the collector. The women said that they sell their produce at the Boluvampatti vegetable market.

Patnaik assured the tribals that all support from the government would be provided to them in this venture.

source: http://www.timesofindia.indiatimes.com / The Times of India / Home> City> Coimbatore / TNN / October 15th, 2014

68th Infantry Day observed

Chennai :

Army’s Andhra, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Kerala Area (ATNK and K Area) marked the 68th Infantry Day with a solemn wreath-laying ceremony at the Victory War Memorial here on Monday.

Lieutenant General Jagbir Singh, General Officer Commanding of the ATNK and K Area, led the ceremony by paying homage to soldiers who sacrificed their lives for the nation.

October 27 is observed as the Infantry Day by the Army as it was on this day in 1947 that a company of infantry of the first battalion of the Sikh Regiment was airlifted from Delhi to Srinagar to liberate Kashmir from the invading tribals who were supported by the Pakistan army.

source: http://www.timesofindia.indiatimes.com / The Times of India / Home> City> Chennai / by Ekatha Ann John , TNN / October 08th, 2014

City explorer: A hall that echoes history

Mani Aiyer Hall / The Hindu
Mani Aiyer Hall / The Hindu

How did the once-famous Aiyer Hall in Triplicane get its name? Why is it now locked and left to crumble?

The new board outside the run-down double-storeyed building flashes the standard warning: Trespassers will be prosecuted. “You can’t go in!” shouts Thenmozhi, the flower woman nearby. “There used to be a watchman; even he is gone.” But I need answers to the multiple questions this building sparks: What is a Theosophical Society building doing in Hanumantala Street in Triplicane, far away from its headquarters in Adyar? Who built it? Why was it named Mani Ayyar/Aiyer Hall (the name is spelt in two ways on the building-front)? What went on inside? Why is it locked and left to crumble?

The long-time resident in the house opposite claims he’s been inside. “Beautifully done up in wood,” he offers. “The main hall has a lot of wood carving around. The floor is wood, as is the upper balcony. The wooden furniture inside is priceless.” Co-freemasons met here till about four years ago, he says, but “I’m afraid undesirable people may use it.”

At the Adyar library on the Theosophical Society campus, curator Jayashree finds an old booklet on the subject. The Triplicane Theosophical Lodge was founded on February 11, 1898, it says. After two decades of meeting in different places, members registered it in 1920 and decided to build a hall for its activities. The place would have a library, guest rooms, an outhouse and an “industrial school” for the poor. People like C.S. Swaminatha Mudaliar, T.B. Ramachandra Mudaliar, M.S. Venkatramana Iyer, Seshadri Iyer, Kanakasabai Pillai and P.S. Ramaswami Iyer pooled cash and with Rs. 33000, the structure was completed in 1928. The school closed down but, in 1934, additions were made on the first and second floors for meetings. “Mani Ayyar Hall is the only lodge in the Madras Theosophical Federation to own a building,” says the book and ends the chapter with, “we have 25 members, at present. Regular activities are attended by both members and non-members.”

Fine, but why Mani Aiyer? The hall was named after Dr. Sir S. Subramania Aiyer, popularly known as Mani Aiyer, venerated as the “grand old man of India,” says the book. Born on October 1, 1842, he took his law degree in 1868, enrolled as a high court vakil in 1869, made a name for himself in the Ramnad Zamindari case, improved facilities in Madura as its municipal commissioner, and became an MLC in 1884. His wife Lakshmi passed away that year and that was the beginning of a new phase in his life.

Mani Aiyer met Colonel H.S. Olcott and became an ardent theosophist, serving as vice-president of the Theosophical Society under Dr. Annie Besant.

In 1885, he was nominated to the Madras University Senate, and was its member for 22 years. In 1888, became government pleader/public prosecutor, the first Indian appointed to that post. The British government showered him with titles of CIE (1889), Diwan Bahadur (1891), and Knight Commander (1900). When Annie Besant was interned, he surrendered his knighthood in protest. His work in the fields of social reform, local self-government, political awakening of Indians, revival of Sanskrit studies and support for Indian culture made him one of the most famous men of Madras. Newspapers covered his exemplary work in and outside the court and the Gazette Extraordinary issued a statement praising him. In 1914, Annie Besant wrote: “He joined the Society in its early days and has kept unbroken his loyalty and devotion to it… [He] is a remarkable example of the ideals of youth still cherished in old age.”

The hall is one of the stops on historian V. Sriram’s walking tours of Triplicane. “The second Conference of The Music Academy was held here in April, 1930,” he said. The hall honours theosophist Sir S. Subramania Aiyer, the first Indian to become acting Chief Justice of the Madras High Court, he says. A member of the University of Madras Senate, he is commemorated with a statue — unveiled in 1935. “Mani Aiyer is remembered for his daring act of writing in 1914 to the U.S. President Woodrow Wilson that America must not assist the British in WW1, unless they commit to freeing India.

He was one of the founding members of the Indian National Congress.”

Surely, this historical building, named after an illustrious man, deserves to be restored!

source: http://www.thehindu.com / The Hindu / Home> Features> MetroPlus / by Geeta Padmanabhan / October 21st, 2014