SALUTE:Leaders of various organisations garlanding the statue of Mutherayar in Tiruchi on Monday.— Photo: B.Velankanni Raj
Tight security arrangements made to avert any untoward incident
Amid heightened security arrangements across the city, several people paid their respects to ‘Perasarar’ Perumpidugu’ Mutherayar on the occasion of his 1,341 birth anniversary on Monday.
Collector K.S. Palanisamy led the district administration officials in paying respects to ‘Perumpidugu’ Mutharayar by garlanding the statue at Othakadai Junction in the morning.
Representatives of political parties and various outfits garlanded the statue of Mutherayar with a posse of police personnel guarding the spot and its vicinity regulating crowd and vehicular movements.
The sudden outbreak of violent acts indulged by members of a particular outfit during the birth anniversary celebrations of ‘Perumpidugu’ Mutherayar in 2012 prompted the police to put in place detailed security arrangements this year too as a precautionary measure.
A meeting was organised recently by the district administration with members of various outfits for the smooth conduct of the birth anniversary celebrations of ‘Perumpidugu’ Mutherayar, police sources said.
As part of the security plan drafted for the event, barricades were installed around the statue with a team of police personnel guarding the spot and regulating those coming to garland the statue and vehicular movements.
Buses which were initially diverted without touching Othakadai were subsequently allowed to proceed via Bharathidasan road. Carrying their organisation flags, members of the Tamil Nadu Mutharayar Sangam, Mutharayar Munnetra Sangam and Veera Mutherayar Munnetra Sangam garlanded the statue.
In addition to city police, personnel from the Armed Reserve, Tamil Nadu Special Police, Quick Reaction Teams and Striking Forces were deployed at different spots. Pickets were posted at vantage spots in the city as a precautionary measure to ensure order on the day of the celebrations.
Representatives of the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam, Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam, Tamil Maanila Congress and Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam garlanded the statue.
Police said the celebrations went off peacefully amid heightened security measures to ensure its smooth conduct.
source: http://www.thehindu.com / The Hindu / Home> News> Cities> Tiruchirapalli / by Special Correspondent / Tiruchi – May 24th, 2016
Tamil enthusiast and founder-chairman of Adyar Students Xerox Centre N Arunachalam passed away on Monday evening at the age of 76.
Arunachalam, native of Thirukannapuram village in Nagapattinam district, started his career as a revenue official. Inspired by social activist Periyar’s ideologies, he later quit his job and led anti-Hindi and anti-Brahmin agitations in Nagapattinam along with other prominent leaders.
N Arunachalam (1940-2016)
He shot to fame in 1986 after establishing the Students Xerox Centre at Adyar, at a time when photocopies were available only for the elite. Now the centre has more than 35 branches in the city and is a popular resource centre among student fraternity.
Indeed, Arunachalam and his crew were the first to coin the term ‘Nagalagam’, the Tamil equivalent for ‘Photocopy’.
“He was a pioneer in leading the struggle for introducing Tamil as a medium of instruction in State-run schools during 1998. He had organised a state-wide campaign through his Tamil Scholars Forum and sat on a hunger strike along with 102 Tamil scholars attracting the Centre’s attention”, said Tamil scholar Iraiyelilan.
Though the DMK government assured to implement this, the Government Order was quashed by the Madras High Court and the case was still pending in the Supreme Court.
He was popular among the literary circle for his magazine ‘Nandan’ which wrote extensively on Tamil language, music, atheism and nationalism in layman’s terms.
The family invested profits from the photocopy centres into the forum to conduct State-wide Tamil essay and elocution competitions for school students, recalled M Saravana Kumar who won an award in the early 1990s.
His final rites will take place at his native village on May 25. His body has been kept for public viewing at his residence at Kottivakkam till Tuesday 2 pm. He is survived by wife Santha, son Sowrirajan and daughters Thirumeni and Neelamegam. PMK leader S Ramadoss had condoled his death.
source: http://www.newindianexpress.com / The New Indian Express / Home> Cities> Chennai / by Ram M Sundaram / by Express News Service / May 24th, 2016
Former IRPS officer G. Marimuthu has launched his third book Great Speeches of Great Men that saved Humanity (Manuda Amaidhikku Vazhivagutha Perarigyarin Peruraigal). The book is a translation of famous speeches delivered by well-known personalities.
“The book is aimed at instilling values in students and I have chosen speeches that have changed the destiny of the world,” says 63-year-old Marimuthu, who worked on the translation for close to a year.
A total of 41 speeches of international leaders and heads of nations, from the 1600s, find a place in the book.
The book begins with Michelle Obama’s speech and ends with that of Barrack Obama, as an appreciation of their oratorical skills. Queen Elizabeth’s statesmanship and Pope John Paul’s approach to religion are some of the messages the author has conveyed.
Seven women speakers are also celebrated in the book. Gandhi’s ‘The Great Trial’ speech and Kevin Rudd’s apology to ‘aborigines’ in Australia are the other highlights.
The author has previously written two books – Silappathigarathil Sirappana Vazhviyal Sinthanaigaland Arivupasikku Arumaiyana Sinthanaigal. With an educational background in history and law, Marimuttu’s aim to become a professor and educate the younger generation was unfulfilled. To fulfil this dream and to channelise his love for literature, he started writing.
“I am inspired by the speeches of Thamizharuvi Maniyan, Suki Sivam and Sudha Seshayyan,” says the resident of Arumbakkam, who plans to recite these speeches in government colleges and at training programmes.
The book is priced at Rs.169. “Proceeds from sales will be utilised to help students from poor and rural communities,” he says. For further details, call 9444628276.
source: http://www.thehindu.com / The Hindu / Home> Features> Down Town / by Roshni Raman / Chennai – May 14th, 2016
Swami Ganeshananda Giri (extreme right) with spiritual leaders from Tamil Nadu at the ‘bhoomi puja’ of Shirdi Sai Baba Temple in Sriperumbudur
Chennai:
An abandoned boy who started his life at the feet of Shirdi Sai Baba, he grew up to be Swami Ganeshananda Giri. After spreading the word about the saint across the country, he came back to his land at the age of 108 and breathed his last on April 29. The desire to return to his motherland made the spiritual guru undertake a journey to the south a couple of months ago as the apt place to attain ‘jeeva samadhi’.
Born in Suseendram in Kanyakumari in 1908, Ganeshananda was destined to take the spiritual path. A sadhu had approached his parents and requested them to allow the boy to follow the cult of Lord Murugan, but his parents refused. But fate had other plans. In 1912 during a visit to Tirupati temple, Ganeshananda was separated from his parents. A Maharashtrian family rescued the boy and took him to Shirdi Sai Baba, who adopted him along with 13 children, says S K Vasan, trustee of Shri Dattatreya Siva Sai Trust, to whom Ganeshanandan recounted his early life. He attained ‘jeeva samadhi’ at Shri Dattatreya Siva Sai Trust office in T Nagar.
As a spiritual person and a naga sadhu he spent a quarter of his life in the Himalayas but it was the memory of Shirdi Sai Baba that he would recollect often. “When Ganeshananda was six years old he was caught stealing a sweet. Swamiji would merrily recount to us how the incident made Sai Baba angry enough to slap him.He considered the slap his biggest lesson,” says V Anbalagan, another trust member. But the tales of the spiritual guru, however small, reinforced the aura of Sai Baba.
Shirdi Sai with devotees.
On another occasion when Ganeshananda and others were cleaning the ashram at Dwarawati in Shirdi, he found a bronze coin. This time, he gave it to his mentor, but was surprised when Sai Baba asked him to keep the money . The coin, a piece of cloth and a 200-year-old bronze kundalam (vessel) used by Sai Baba were the prized possessions of Ganeshananda, which he proudly showed to his devotees, says Vasan. All the belongings of Ganeshananda have been kept at Sivan Koodal, where a Sai Baba temple is to come up.
The spiritual leader’s single-minded devotion towards his guru made him set up at least 13 Sai Baba temples in Delhi, Himachal Pradesh and Gujarat. He then chose Tamil Nadu as the place to construct a similar temple. “The mahant approached us and informed that he wished to end his life near Sivan Koodal village in Sriperumbudur,” says Vasan who was chosen to construct a 106ft Shirdi Sai Baba temple at the site where Ganeshananda is buried.
Vasan said Ganeshananda had healing powers too and had cured a trustee member Paulraj, who was suffering from chronic seizures.
source: http://www.timesofindia.indiatimes.com / The Times of India / News Home> City> Chennai / A. Selvaraj / TNN / May 11th, 2016
Madras Musings, a journal that focusses on heritage, nostalgia and on asking for a better Madras, has just completed 25 years.
Madras Musings, that tabloid-sized fortnightly that cares for the city, a journal that focusses on heritage, nostalgia and on asking for a better Madras, has just completed 25 years. That it has done so has been entirely due to a unique arrangement N. Sankar of the Sanmar Group made when it seemed as though, like many another small journal, it was doomed to failure after struggling along for five years when it had been mothered by what was then Lokavani-Hallmark Printers. The Sankar plan involved getting a dozen corporates who cared for the city to support the journal with an equal donation every year. That dozen has grown to nearly two dozen now — and no one asks for anything in return, not even reports about their activities; all they want is a place for their logos as acknowledgement.
I know of no other journal that has been kept going in this fashion. But that Madras Musings has been is because the donors felt strongly that the people of a city should know about the past and present of the place and be able to discuss its future. In the early years of the journal, this seemed to attract an elderly audience; this was reading material for old people, the young seemed to say. But to judge by the greetings Madras Musings recently received, the bulk came from such young persons’ media as Facebook, blogs and Twitter (if I’ve got the jargon right). And there appear to be more and more young people getting interested in heritage as well as wanting to do something for the city.
We are now hearing about young leaders of heritage walks, camera trails, sketching outings; we are hearing about the young getting down to beach cleaning, road sprucing, and working at reviving heritage. Just the other day, a couple of post-graduate doctors from Madras Medical College came to meet me to say they were working on a history of the college, that they were trying to give new life to old buildings like the famed Anatomy Block, and that they were trying to create a college museum.
Madras Musings, which has been associated with Madras Day, Madras Week, Madras Month has been noting how every year the participation of the young in heritage events has been increasing. You find them organising events, you find them on walks, you find them at lectures, you find them exhibiting and quizzing — and all in growing numbers every year.
It certainly triggered something, did Madras Musings, and now it watches the slow but steady growth of interest in heritage and in the city and looks forward to this burgeoning. But talk to those connected with the journal, and they’ll tell you a much wider audience needs to be reached. That there must be a reach to the grassroots. Anyone willing to support a Madras Musings-in-Tamil start-up?
Memories of times past
The picture of Yercaud and the Shevaroys last week brought back memories of my year at Montfort where I had come to do my Senior Cambridge. Together with Sacred Heart Convent (SHY), the two schools were the pride of Yercaud. It was only in much more recent times that I foundreason to believe that Yercaud, the first of the South’s hill stations, had much more to be proud of. M.D. Cockburn, the introducer of coffee, Robert Bruce Foote, the Rev. P. Percival, Dr. John Shortt, Nat Terry the boxer, and film mogul T.R. Sundaram all had their homes there. They’ve all figured in this column in the past for their significant contributions to the Presidency. But as schoolboys none of these names had meant anything to us, except possibly Terry and Sundaram of Modern Theatres. Our world tended to be centred on Montfort and on the SHY girls during the once-a-week film show in our hall into which they walked in two by two carefully watched over by Mother Bernard.
Montfort at the time was headed by Bro. Eleazar, Titch to all, but anything but small as a presence! It was only recently that I discovered that this Brother of the Order of St. Gabriel had come out to Montfort as a teenager, with his more earthly education incomplete. He arrived speaking only French, but went on to do his Senior Cambridge from Montfort in a couple of years and then Bachelor’s and Master’s degrees from Loyola, topping every class. What a fine teacher he proved and what a first class educational institution he made of Montfort during his tenure as Principal. That would rate him an out-of-the-ordinary Old Boy and another whom Yercaud should be proud of.
Sundaram’s was a rather different world from Titch’s. He had a gleaming white house, well raised off the road, which we used to stare at every time we went to Montfort and back. It had a magnificent garden well worth staring at if, at that age, we appreciated floral beauty, but the staring was more a sign of awe over an invisible presence, a man who made films by the score as well as money in numbers we couldn’t quite imagine. Of him, Randor Guy has said, “He was perhaps the only person in cinema history to own a studio and produce a hundred films, most of which he directed himself.” In that studio, over a period of 40 years, he produced films in all the South Indian languages besides movies in Hindi, Sinhalese and English. It was in Modern Theatres’ studio in Salem, just where the Ghat road to Yercaud begins, a studio with all film-making facilities under one roof and run like a smoothly functioning manufacturing unit, that Sundaram made the first Malayalam film, Balan, the first Malayalam colour film, Kandam Becha Kottu, and the first Tamil film in colour, Ali Babavum Narpathu Thirudargalum. As boys, particularly as boys in an Anglo-Indian school, we knew little of all this. But a movie-maker — and a person who was supposed to be the richest person in the district — was someone to be in awe of at that age, whoever you were.
So Sundaram’s house always had our attention as we marched to the Big Lake and back.
When the postman knocked…
* Mohandas has a query and I wonder whether anyone can help. Quoting this column and books I’ve written, he says the first car to be registered in Madras was Sir Francis Spring’s and it bore the number MC-1. The next car I have mentioned, he says, is Namberumal Chetty’s MC-3. But what was MC-2, he asks. It has been recorded that even before Spring’s car came out in 1901, A.J. Yorke, a director of Parry & Co, had brought out a car from England and that it attracted much attention on the roads of Madras. I wonder whether this was MC-2. Or is there another answer?
* Mail seeking help from readers of this column arrived the other day from David R. Armitage, Chair, Department of History, Harvard University. He and Jennifer Pitts of the University of Chicago are editing the essays of Prof. Charles H. Alexandrowicz for publication by Oxford University and they seek “any reminiscences of his time in Madras or any letter or any other writings of his that anyone may possess. Responses to armitage@fas.harvard.edu”. Prof. Alexandrowicz arrived in Madras in 1950 and the next year he started what was is now known as the Department of Legal Studies in the University of Madras. He started the first M.L. degree course in India in International & Constitutional Law. He headed the Department until 1961 when he left Madras after a decade in the city. He also was the first Chairman of the Alliance Française in Madras when it transformed itself in 1954 from the Groupe Française that had been founded in 1948.
* Commenting on Albion Banerjee’s religious leanings and his studying Tamil (Miscellany, April 4), M.S. Sethuraman writes, and I quote him: “Excommunication for travel abroad was followed in all parts of India. Mahatma Gandhi was ostracised and so also Dr. Swaminadhan. None of the Palghat Iyers offered for his marriage, resulting in his visit to his village and sought the daughter of Ammu’s mother.
“Sir Albion Banerjee ICS opted for Madras cadre, perhaps due to resistance from Bengal families. W.E. Banerjee, early Congress President, converted to Christianity when expelled from his caste due to his crossing the seas. Sir Albion should have studied Tamil after his Madras appointment (SM’s note: No). ICS officers were asked to learn a local language on appointment and cash awards are also awarded. A.S.P. Ayyar ICS, in addition to his Malayalam, learnt Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, but the then British Government limited the cash award to one language.”
source: http://www.thehindu.com / The Hindu / Home> Features> MetroPlus> Society / by S. Muthiah / April 30th, 2016
C. Anandharamakrishnan, a renowned scientist in the field of food engineering, has assumed office as the Director of the Indian Institute of Crop Processing Technology (IICPT) here.
Dr. Anandharamakrishnan has over two decades of experience in R&D and administration at the CSIR — Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, a prestigious food research institution in the country. He was Principal Scientist and Coordinator for the Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) there.
Dr. Anandharamakrishnan completed his Doctoral degree in Chemical Engineering from Loughborough University, United Kingdom, under the Commonwealth Scholarship programme. Prior to that he had pursued his B.Tech (Chemical Engineering) and M.Tech from A.C. College of Technology, Anna University, Chennai.
His areas of research include design of engineered nano and micron scale delivery systems for the controlled and targeted release of food bioactive compounds, spray drying, and spray-freeze-drying of food products.
source: http://www.thehindu.com / The Hindu / Home> National> Tamil Nadu / by Special Correspondent / Thanjavur – April 30th, 2016
Old-timers remember Chennai as Madras, a city of horse-drawn carriages, lonely streets and men in suits. A TOI series brings recollections from a mix of neighbourhoods
Tall white pillars, long ornate windows and spacious porticos – the exquisite Chettinad Palace which stands along the Adyar estuary with its sprawling lawns and vast terraces was amongst the earliest structures that adorned Raja Annamalaipuram (RA Puram) more than 70 years ago. The magnificent mansion stood solitary, overlooking the Adyar river, as its ivory coloured walls made from Italian marble and limestone bespoke the royalty it housed. Built by wealthy businessman Raja Sir Annamalai Chettiar from Chettinad, the historic marvel is now part of an industrial and educational neighbourhood that buzzes with activity. “The palace was originally to be built opposite the Taj Connemara hotel on Binny road. But Lord Willingdon, the then governor of Madras requested my grandfather to give the land for constructing a club for women as there weren’t any then,” says MeenaMuthiah, Kumara Rani of Chettinad, and granddaughter of Raja Sir Annamalai Chettiar.
This led to the purchase of the expansive 104-acre estate in RA Puram where the palatial structure (the main house) and the smaller quarters, a few yards from the big one, were built.
“Our childhood memories revolve around The Theosophical Society, Kalakshetra campus, Rosary Matric school (then St Thomas Convent), where I studied and, of course, the Adyar river,” says Meena aunty, as she is fondly called.
The locality had only a handful of buildings, including Andhra Mahila Sabha, earlier the residence of capitalist Rangachari. “Previously, this neighbourhood was called Adyar. Only in recent times, they renamed it after my grandfather,” says the 81-year-old educationist. Many eminent people have frequented the aristocratic home for high teas and dinners on the lawn.
“Politicians such as Kamaraj and VR Nedunchezhiyan came here often. Thatha used to call the governors by name,” says Muthiah. “But since we were not allowed into these gatherings, we used to peek through the railing on the balcony and see them.”
The scenic landscape and lavish interiors served as an ideal backdrop for many movies including M S Subbulakshmi’s Meera. “The stretch where the Image Auditorium stands was a dairy farm then. We used to do kalamkari printing in a small unit, near the farm,” says Muthiah, reminiscing how well-known social reformer Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay bought material from the unit to take to Bengal. The day-long holiday from the convent typically began with a visit to the library in The Theosophical Society and ended with a game of pandi. “We would often stopover at Rukmani Devi’s house too. And it was athai who encouraged me to start a school inspired by Kalakshetra’s cultural values and the discipline of the convent I went to,” says Muthiah, who founded Chettinad Vidyashram in 1986, on 7 acres of the property.
source: http://www.timesofindia.indiatimes.com / The Times of India / News Home> City> Chennai / Aditi Maithreya / TNN / April 22nd, 2016
Coimbatore residents have been putting their backyards to good use … and no, we are not talking about just kitchen gardens. The braver of the lot are rearing honey bees in their gardens not only as a hobby but also as means to supplement their income.
M R Srinivasan, of the entomology department of the Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU), said while many farmers attended the training programme conducted by them every month on beekeeping, the number of home makers and students taking part was, interestingly, on the rise. “This can be done anywhere as it does not require much investment or time. One needs some practice and should learn the basic nuances. We get entries from people from all walks of life,” he said.
While some women got interested in beekeeping out of curiosity, some wanted to produce honey in their homes. N Krishnaveni, a software engineer, said she found a beehive in her garden and became curious. “I wanted to learn the art of beekeeping. I was told that bees are best at cross pollination so I thought this would help increase the yield in the mango farm maintained by my family,” she said.
Like Krishnaveni, Saranya, an MBA student, wanted to get involved in beekeeping to increase the yield in her farm. But some women said they were aware of the benefits of pure honey and wanted to extract it on their own. “My husband is in the honey business and has a company in Bengaluru. But I want to rear them at home to extract honey for household purposes. I have already started learning the techniques,” said F Shabeena, a homemaker from Ukkadam.
Many women who already have terrace gardens and kitchen gardens are also rearing bees. K Jayanthi, 26, says she comes from an agricultural background and has always loved rearing bees. “I take part in various training camps conducted by TNAU and government to learn the techniques,” she said.
The women said they were not scared of the bees. “Unless we disturb the bees, they do not we disturb the bees, they do not attack. If right techniques are used, there is no danger at all,” said Krishnaveni.
An apiary expert, R Philip Sridhar said beekeeping was be coming popular as one just needs to give some time. “There are no maintenance costs involved. We need to check the chambers once a week at least to ensure the bee count is appropriate. One needs to check for the presence of eggs, honey and pollen storage. Moth attacks need to be prevented. Other techniques if learned, can not only make beekeeping fun but also yield commercial benefits to beekeepers,” said Sridhar.
source: http://www.timesofindia.indiatimes.com / The Times of India / News Home> City> Coimbatore / Komal Gautham / TNN / April 22nd, 2016
A view of the Thana Road, Arasappa Mudali Street junction. It is one of the places that is the parties’ favourite venues for organising rallies.— PHOTO: THE HINDU ARCHIVES
Places like Thana Street and Robinson Park bear witness to momentous occasions that shaped the State’s history.
K. Umapathy was 27 when heard the former West Bengal Chief Minister, Jyoti Basu, address a rally at Mangollai in the city’s Mylapore area in May 1991.
A resident of Mylapore’s Warren Road, he used to attend every public meeting at Mangollai. “I cannot forget that meeting. Even as the meeting was on, it was wound up abruptly. Only later did we hear about the news of assassination of former Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi,” recalls Mr. Umapathy, now a resident of Mudichur on the city’s outskirts.
Similarly, V. Rama Rao remembers how he used to listen to politicians at Thana Street in Purasawalkam. For R. Ramesh, the arrest of some leaders under provisions of the Maintenance of Internal Security Act after their speech at Bharathi Thidal in West Tambaram remains a vivid memory.
These places, despite having transformed over the decades, remain political parties’ preferred venues for organising election meetings.
“Every political party used to organise public meetings on Thana Street. I used to have meals for just 50 paisa at Eswari Mess and then listen to speakers talk from the stage near Saraswathi Theatre. This was in the 1960’s and both the theatre and the mess have gone,” Mr. Rama Rao recalls.
Mr. Ramesh, a restaurant owner, says Bharathi Thidal was created by members of Communist Party of India. “Former Chief Ministers M.G. Ramachandran and Kamarajar have spoken here.”
Says historian V. Sriram: “The meeting in Robinson Park in 1948 was a turning point in the history of Tamil Nadu. C.N.Annadurai spoke from here to launch Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam after breaking away from Dravida Kazhagam.”
It is now known as Arignar Anna Poonga.
All trade union meetings in the city used to be held at Mayday Park, originally called Napier Park, in Chintadripet and leaders who spoke there went to become top political leaders too, Mr. Sriram adds.
A news report in The Hindu in March 1957 said that a meeting was organised by the Congress at Bandi Venkatesan Street in Triplicane (near CSI Kellet School) in support of Union Finance Minister and Lok Sabha candidate T.T. Krishnamachari.
Things have not changed at all as meetings continue to be held there.
source: http://www.thehindu.com / The Hindu / Home> News> Cities> Chennai / by K. Manikandan / Chennai – April 22nd, 2016
Statues of the Marudhu Pandiyar brothers — Periya Marudhu and Chinna Marudhu — who were hanged for their revolutionary acts, in Madurai. Photo: S. James / The Hindu
One of the freedom fighters, Puli Thevar, is considered the first south Indian to rebel against the British rule.
A documentary, commemorating the efforts of freedom fighters belonging to the Thevar community, was released on Sunday, the 15th anniversary of the Marathiya Manila Thevar Munnetra Peravai, an association of the community in Mumbai.
Titled ‘Contributions of the Thevar Community to the Indian Freedom Movement’, the 20-minute documentary gives a glimpse of the role the community played in the freedom struggle.
At a function in the Shanmukhananda auditorium, the contributions of five Thevar freedom fighters were commemorated in the presence of over 2,500 members from the community.
One of the freedom fighters, Puli Thevar, is considered the first south Indian to rebel against the British rule. He fought between the 1750s and late 1760s.
Varadarajan, founder president of Marathiya Manila Thevar Munnetra Peravai, said: “At a time when women were oppressed, Rani Velu Nachiyar valiantly fought in the 1740s, opposing the taxes levied by the British.”
The Marudhu Pandiyar brothers — Periya Marudhu and Chinna Marudhu — who were hanged for their revolutionary acts, issued a proclamation of independence from the British in 1801. Another freedom fighter, Pasumpon Muthuramalingam Thevar, was mentioned for the role he played in garnering support from south India for Subhash Chandra Bose.
source: http://www.thehindu.com / The Hindu / Home> News> Cities> Mumbai / Alakananda Chatterjee / Mumbai – April 19th, 2016
