Category Archives: Records, All

TNAU scientist discovers genetic key to ‘domestication’ of barley

Coimbatore :

A scientist at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU) along with a Japanese professor has identified the genes responsible for barley’s ‘domestication’ that transformed this once-wild food grain into an item of mass consumption. Today, barley is the fourth most important crop in the world – both in the size of cultivation and grain production, and its high production is due to its domestication that happened 10,000 years ago.

Their two-decade-long research work was published by the journal ‘Cell’ on July 30.

“About 10,000 years ago, people identified barley as a food grain. And, then farmers started cultivating barley,” said Senthil Natesan, professor and head of biotechnology department, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai.

There was a problem with the wild variety. The spikes that contain the grain were brittle in the wild variety. “This brittle nature breaks the spike, and the grain falls on the ground. While this is essential for the proliferation of the crop, this made harvesting difficult,” said Takao Komatsuda, senior researcher in the National Institute of Agro-biological Sciences (NIAS), Tsukuba, Japan. Komatsuda is the principle researcher in this project.

The wild variety underwent domestication, which helped farmers in cultivating barley. “Barley domestication occurred twice. The first was a natural mutation in one gene (Btr1), while an independent mutation in the other gene (Btr2),” said Senthil. This domestication resulted in the cell wall thickening, that induced flexibility in the spikes. “And, the spikes developed a non-brittle nature, and this prevented the grains from dispersing on the ground,a major relief for farmers,” said Senthil.

Takao Komatsuda, during his initial years at NIAS, thought that mapping of brittleness in barley would resolve the key phenomenon behind the barley domestication. “In Okayama University, 60 years ago, two of the genes (Btr1 and Btr2) essential for grain fall in wild barley were discovered. Many scientists working on wheat and barley research were interested in the subject, but it was hard to initiate the project to identify these complex traits responsible for barely domestication,” said Komatsuda.

The research work began in late 1990s and was completed a few months ago, said Komatsuda. Senthil started his career as assistant professor at TNAU in 1995 after competing his PhD. “I wanted to pursue my postdoctoral research, and came across the NIAS. I applied for the fellowship, and was fortunate to have been selected for the Japanese government-sponsored research programme,” he said. I visited Japan in 2002 for six months and in 2006 for one year to participate in this research work.Komatsuda and Senthil, along with the fellow researchers, mapped the genes responsible and identified the genes that were responsible for the domestication of the crop. “We also studied the cell wall morphology under scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope,” said Senthil. The major part of the research work was carried out at NIAS. And, the Japan Science and Technology Corporation (CREST), Japanese Society for Promotion of Science (JSPS), the German Science Foundation Priority Programme SPP1530 and the Australian Research Council along with NIAS have funded the project.

Komatsuda, who has pursued extensive research on barley, plans to take this research forward. “Identifying new traits such as disease resistance, quality in the production of beer depending on breeding lineages will be the areas of future research. Also, the origin of cultivated wheat will be studied using the similar genes isolated in this study,” he said.

source: http://www.timesofindia.indiatimes.com / The Times of India / Home> City> Coimbatore / by Adarsh Jain, TNN / August 03rd, 2015

Adding on to a unique repository

IFP has now provided a fresh lease of life to these murals and paintings that had been created using herbal colours and natural pigments.N. MurugesanResearcher IFP
IFP has now provided a fresh lease of life to these murals and paintings that had been created using herbal colours and natural pigments.N. MurugesanResearcher IFP

IFP completes first phase of documentation of temple art, murals in Tamil Nadu

The French Institute of Pondicherry (IFP) has completed the first phase of documentation of endangered temple art, murals and paintings in Tamil Nadu in an effort to bring them back to life and preserve them for posterity.

A team of researchers from IFP documented the murals in Madurai Meenakshi Amman temple; Kallalagar temple i.e Alagarkovil; Chenraya Perumal temple in Adiyamankottai; Chithiraichavadi near Narasingapatti and Jain caves of Tirumalai in the first phase in collaboration with the British Library. The IFP has already completed a major portion of digitisation of its photo archives which contain over 1,60,000 photographs of temples in South India and are an unique repository of information on temple art and iconography in South India.

The documentation of temple art is aimed at enriching the collection enabling historians and researchers to carry out their work. Dr. N. Murugesan, researcher IFP told  The Hindu  that “Documentation of temple art and murals in these five vulnerable sites in Tamil Nadu should have been done at least 50 years back. Many of the sites had lost their glory and historical importance. IFP has now provided a fresh lease of life to these murals and paintings that had been created using herbal colours and natural pigments.” There are more than a hundred inscriptions found on the walls, gopuras and corridors of the Kallalagar temple in Alagarkovil dating back from 11th to 18th centuries. The paintings are of high quality and depict episodes from the Ramayana.

MuralsCF02aug2015

The murals found in the world famous Meenakshi Amman Temple in Madurai depict Meenakshi Thirukalyanam, the celestial wedding ceremony of Goddess Meenakshi with Lord Sundareshwarar. The murals are more than 600 years old.

At the Chenraya Perumal Temple in Adhiyamankottai there are five galleries that lead to the sanctum sanctorum depicting the scenes of Mahabharata, Viswarupa Darshan of Lord Krishna, scenes from the Ramayana including the life of Lord Rama and various episodes from Mahabharata and Vedas.

Mr. Murugesan said that the murals in Chithiraichavadi near Narasingapatti are estimated to belong to 17{+t}{+h}-18{+t}{+h}century and have similarities with Nayak era murals. IFP is planning to take up documentation of 10 more sites in Tamil Nadu in the second phase.

IFP has now provided a fresh lease of life to these murals and paintings that had been created using herbal colours and natural pigments.

N. MurugesanResearcher IFP

source: http://www.thehindu.com / The Hindu / Home> National> Tamil Nadu / by S. Prasad / August 02nd, 2015

Wax museum at newly-opened railway complex in Kanyakumari

Kanyakumari :

Four years after the state-of-the-art multifunctional railway complex building at Kanyakumari station was constructed, the structure came to life on Sunday. The building includes a wax museum and other amenities.

Constructed at a cost of around Rs 2 crore, the 4,000 sq ft building was supposed to host various commercial establishments for passengers to spend their time. Unfortunately, there were not many takers and it started becoming a den of beggars and stray dogs without any use.

Due to the efforts of railway officials, the Wonderwax Wax Museum functioning in a nearby theme park was moved to the building. It also hosts a multi-cuisine restaurant, ice cream parlour, juice shop and public inquiry booth.

The wax museum hosts nearly 10 life images of various personalities like Mahatma Gandhi, A P J Abdul Kalam, Mother Teresa, Albert Einstein, Barrack Obama, Pope John Paul II, Manmohan Singh and Rabindranath Tagore. The realistic images are placed in small cubicles and museum authorities are planning to provide audio ambience in the coming days.

“The wax museum and restaurant will be useful to railway passengers and will attract lot of visitors,” a railway official said. The building has also got ample parking facility, he said.

Kanyakumari District Rail Users Association secretary, P Edward Jeni said that it was an added attraction to the station that handles thousands of passengers. “We are glad that railways’ has utilised the building for some good purpose,” he said.

During his recent visit to Madurai division, general manager of Southern Railway, Vashishta Johri said that they are finding out methods to utilise such unused buildings.

source: http://www.timesofindia.indiatimes.com / The Times of India / News Home> City> Madurai / by J. Arockiaraj, TNN /July 28th, 2015

Woman cop named chief security officer of metro rail

Chennai :

Senior superintendent of police K Bhavaneeshwari has been appointed chief security officer (CSO) of Chennai Metro Rail Ltd (CMRL), a newly created post.

After the Koyambedu- Alandur metro rail line was inaugurated by chief minister J Jayalalithaa on June 29, director general of police Ashok Kumar, state intelligence chief P Kannappan and city police commissioner S George discussed security arrangements at the metro stations.

Sources said Bhavaneeshwari, now SP, ‘Q’ branch, has been deputed to the new post. She will assist CMRL officials in cooperation with the city and state police. She will be paid by CMRL and will be responsible for setting up a team and deciding the roles of its members.

“She will be in charge of providing safety and security to the assets of the metro rail. She will also carry out anti-terror drills and anti-sabotage checks,” a police officer said.

Bhavaneeshwari will be responsible for maintaining law and order and tackling crime on metro rail property, including at work sites. Two private agencies currently handle security at metro rail stations and are monitored by a retired superintendent of police.

The 10-km stretch Koyambedu-Alandur metro rail line has seven stations and there will 32 stations along two corridors when the entire network becomes operational.

Once completed, there could be five to six metro rail police stations for the network, each with six to seven metro rail stations under its control.

source: http://www.timesofindia.indiatimes.com / The Times of India / Home> City> Chennai / TNN / July 31st, 2015

Efforts on to get GI recognition for Ooty ‘Varkey’

Wheat varkey being prepared in a bakery in Udhagamandalam.- Photo: M. Sathyamoorthy
Wheat varkey being prepared in a bakery in Udhagamandalam.- Photo: M. Sathyamoorthy

Rajkumar starts work at 3 a.m. every day at his baking station, preparing and baking the “Ooty Varkey” for nearly six hours daily. Their family has been making varkey in Ooty for more than seven decades now and they have customers coming in from different parts of the State and also from Bangalore and Puducherry. They make about 100 kg of Varkey a day and have added more varieties to cater to the demands of the customers.

This is one of the popular products that tourists to the Nilgiris want to take home. There are nearly 150 bakers in Ooty who make Varkey and they plan to submit details soon to get the Geographical Indication certificate for “Ooty Varkey”. Some of them, such as Rajkumar, follow the recipe that the family has used for several years now.

K. Mohammed Farook, President of Ooty Bakery Owners Association, told The Hindu that there were many in the plains who sell the product as “Ooty Varkey”. Getting the certificate will benefit the bakers in Ooty. The bakers in the Nilgiris procure the raw materials locally.

The quality of water and the weather in the Nilgiris give a special taste to the Varkey, he says. “We have collected the details and will submit the final copy to the officials soon for the GI certificate,” he said.

source: http://www.thehindu.com / The Hindu / Home> News> Cities> Coimbatore / by M. Soundariya Preetha / Coimbatore – July 27th, 2015

Math Meter in Poetry and Music

Chennai :

At the core of ancient Indian poetry and music, there is lot of mathematics. Mystical as they are, many theorised and recurring number patterns are found in places we wouldn’t expect – in stems shooting out from a sapling, in logs of wood found in a beam, in the number of petals found in a flower and also, in our very own relics – Sanskrit poetry. This was revealed by celebrated Mathematician and Field’s medalist winner, Manjul Bhargava, who spoke on the subject ‘Poetry, Drumming and Mathematics’, drawing interesting correlations between them.

Recently the math behind Michelangelo’s iconic ‘Creation of Adam’ was decoded. The Sistine Chapel painting follows the ‘golden rule’, a famous mathematical rule. Maths textbooks in India pack in many mathematical theories like this, for instance, the ‘Fibonacci numbers’. Any student is at least vaguely aware of its existence. But what comes as a shocker is that a century before the Italian mathematician Fibonacci, an Indian linguist by the name Hemachandra discovered this.

He strung a series of numbers together, wherein each number in a series is the sum of two preceding numbers*, forming the basis of this ‘Hemachandra theory’ as our textbooks should be rightfully calling it. (Hemachandrandra no.s – 1,2,3,5,8,13, 21,34 and so on)

Although all this could sound like Greek to layman, it’s practical and simple for Manjul Bhargava.

source: http://www.newindianexpress.com / The New Indian Express/ Home> States> Tamil Nadu / by  Express News Service / July 24th, 2015

Word of mouth

Voctronica at The Park ahead of their performance. Photo: V. Ganesan / The Hindu
Voctronica at The Park ahead of their performance. Photo: V. Ganesan / The Hindu

India’s first acapella band talks about the challenges of making music without instruments.

It was a particularly high-energy performance in Goa. While most members of the audience were enjoying the music, the sound engineer in the wings was having a tough time. Not only had he to concentrate on the ongoing concert, he also had to fend off a bunch of sceptics wanting to know where the drum kit, amplifier and guitar were hidden. Just one of the many reactions Voctronica, the all-vocal band, receives at their many performances across India. The first acapella and beat-boxing band in the country, Voctronica relies exclusively on voice modulation and body percussion to perform covers of popular songs and enthral their audience. In the city to perform at The Leather Bar, the band speaks about what keeps them ticking.

“Reactions to our performances range from shock, awe and curiosity to amazement. People find it hard to believe that we’re able to create music without any instruments. Once we had a member of the cleaning staff look around in bewilderment while we were practising ahead of a performance and we slowly saw his jaw drop in amazement when he realised what we were doing,” says Avinash Tewari.

At their maiden performance in Chennai, the band had in store for the audience a good number of English covers along with some local flavour. Voctronica was put together over three years ago, when eight of the band members were chosen after a 15-day workshop. “Creative differences and a couple of other issues cropped up, which is why we decided to give it a rest. Two years ago though, Raj and I decided to restart the band. We knew Arjun, Clyde and Warsha through the music space and soon the three came on board. We got lucky at every level; things fell into place when we decided to relaunch Voctronica. You meet a lot of musicians, but to find a bunch that you gel with and can work with like a dream is rare. We jam every other week, three hours of which is spent just chilling,” says Avinash.

That camaraderie is evident as the band members share an easy laugh and break into random beat-boxing and jams, mid-conversation. A lot of their music is instinctive and about playing off of each other, according to Arjun Nair. “We anticipate what the other is going to perform and sort of take off from that. Based on this, we’ve also included a segment called the Circle Jam in our performances, where we compose numbers on the spot taking cues from the audience. It could be a random word or a name like organ, P.T. Usha or Nirma and we come up with a track. We have no idea what we’ll perform in that segment; it’s a leap of faith,” he says.

While Raj and Avinash do the beats, Arjun does the vocal base and sings and Clyde Rodrigues and Warsha take turns to sing. Though Voctronica has performed to a mixed range of audiences, from large crowds to an intimate set of people, they say the best performances are where they are able to make the crowd dance. “It happened at the Kala Ghoda Festival. We had children and the old alike dancing to our numbers. At the end of the day, it’s all we want; to touch people with our music,” says Warsha Easwar.

The fact that the band relies only on vocal modulation to create music does throw up its share of challenges. Like Raj Verma says, “People simply assume that we won’t need time for a sound check since there are no instruments involved, while the truth is the complete opposite.”

Avinash pipes in, “Also we don’t have the flexibility of using instruments where you know there are so many octaves to work with. There’s only so much the voice can do. We just have to learn to work our way around it.”

While most of the band members are largely self-taught and come with different musical sensibilities, they find a way to bridge that gap. “I think it helps that we have five different vocal ranges. It makes it that easier to create a new sound,” says Warsha, who has trained in Carnatic.

They’re however, not limited to the stage. The band has in the past done two tracks; ‘Y U No Vote’ and ‘A Tribute to Classic Indian Ads’; the latter in collaboration with All India Bakchod. The videos were Internet sensations and the band plans to channel their efforts in this direction.

“We want to bring out a lot of original content. There will still be covers; but it will be safe to say that even those covers will have our flavour and twist to them. That apart, you might just find us doing some more desi tracks, maybe something with a southern connect soon,” says Arjun, before heading for a sound check.

source: http://www.thehindu.com / The Hindu / Home> Features> MetroPlus / by Ranjani Rajendra / Chennai – July 16th, 2015

HIDDEN HISTORIES – Napoleon’s brush with Madras

The walls of Wellesley's House, Fort St George
The walls of Wellesley’s House, Fort St George

It was on June 18, 1815, that the French, under Napoleon, were defeated at Waterloo, Belgium. The battle’s bicentenary was observed in England last month, though the French understandably refused to be part of it. It required a combination of strongly inimical countries to bring Napoleon down but much credit is given to the British general Arthur Wellesley.

Immediately after the war, he suggested that Napoleon be sent in exile to Fort St. George, Madras. Wellesley was familiar with our city. Joining the British army at 17, he was a colonel by 27. His brother Lord Mornington becoming the Governor-General of India meant that Wellesley and his regiment were transferred here.

Having been in Calcutta for two years, he came to Madras in 1798, moving into a vast house as befitting the brother of a Governor- General, on Charles Street, Fort St. George. His chief occupation here appears to have been to write letters to his brother on the incapability of the Governor — Edward, Second Lord Clive.

Napoleon, then at the height of his powers, landed in Egypt and was believed to be on his way to India, ostensibly at the invitation of Tipu Sultan. This proved a sufficient excuse to launch a siege of Mysore. Mornington and Wellesley were convinced that Lord Clive would not be able to handle this. The Governor-General arrived in Madras to personally supervise the war. An unholy alliance was brokered between the East India Company and its traditional enemies — the Marathas and the Nizam of Hyderabad. Wellesley led the combined army and Tipu was killed on May 4, 1799. Mornington was made a marquis for his success. His brother, returning to England, rose to greater heights, becoming the General of the British Army and defeating Napoleon.

His success at Waterloo notwithstanding, his idea of sending Napoleon to Madras was shot down, the proximity of French Pondicherry being a deterrent, perhaps. The former French Emperor was sent to the remote island of St. Helena’s, off the African coast where he died. Wellesley became a national hero and was made the Duke of Wellington. Greater glory was to follow, for he became Prime Minister of England, not once, but twice. A plaque was let into the wall of his house in Fort St. George to commemorate this. A portrait of his hung at the Banqueting (now Rajaji) Hall, till 1947.

Today, however, not many Chennaiites would know of the Duke of Wellington or Arthur Wellesley. His name is often confused with that of a later Governor of Madras and Viceroy of India — Lord Willingdon. The house where he lived in at the Fort collapsed a decade ago and the Archaeological Survey of India has done little about it beyond putting up its regulation blue board that invokes some obscure law. The plaque commemorating his achievements still survives with faded lettering among the ruins.

source: http://www.thehindu.com / The Hindu / Home> Features> MetroPlus / by Sriram V. / July 03rd, 2015

Saurav Ghosal, Joshna Chinappa Emerge National Squash Champs

Two games up and again 6-2 in the fourth game, defending champion Harinder Pal Singh Sandhu seemed to have got into the groove for another tilt at the title, but the wily Ghosal came up with an outstanding fight back and pushed the match into the decisive fifth which he won comfortably for his 10th national title.

Saurav Ghosal in action during Asian Games. / © AFP
Saurav Ghosal in action during Asian Games. / © AFP

Thiruvananthapuram: 

Saurav Ghosal regained the men’s title while Joshna Chinappa took the women’s crown in the 63rd Senior National Squash Championship here on Sunday.

Two games up and again 6-2 in the fourth game, defending champion Harinder Pal Singh Sandhu seemed to have got into the groove for another tilt at the title, but the wily Ghosal came up with an outstanding fight back and pushed the match into the decisive fifth which he won comfortably for his 10th national title.

The women’s final too was well contested though the score line would not suggest that. Chinappa showed experience mattered while dousing the challenge of national junior champion Harshit Kaur Jawanda in three games.

It was Chinappa’s 14th national title as she is well on way to reach that magical number of 16, which is the number of titles that Bhuveneswari Kumari had won for a record total.

Final results:

Men: Saurav Ghosal (TN) bt Harinder Pal Singh Sandhu (TN) 8-11, 4-11, 11-6, 11-7, 11-6.

Women: Joshna Chinappa (TN) bt Harshit Kaur Jawanda (Del) 11-6, 12-10, 11-5.

source: http://www.sports.ndtv.com / NDTV Sports / NDTV Sports> News / by Indo-Asian News Service / Sunday – July 12th, 2015

Dolmen a major attraction of Sirumalai

Madurai :

The stone structure could be taken for an ordinary boulder if one does not pay close attention, but the lone dolmen inside the Sirumalai forest in Madurai district is an ancient artefact pointing to possible human habitation in the area several centuries ago. Situated some 2km above Kutladampatti Falls in an area called Thadagainachi kovil, the stone walls with a flat stone on top possibly dates back to prehistoric Iron Age, according to scholars.

The dolmen was an accidental discovery, found when officials from the district forest office were charting out nature trails inside forest areas to promote eco-tourism and provide livelihood to tribal youth. The department carved out four trails- Bison Trail, Deer Trail, Hare Trail and Snake Trail. The dolmen was found on the 18km-long Bison Trail, which descends from upper Sirumalai to Kutladampatti falls.

“It was an added feature on our Bison Trail,” said Madurai district forest officer (DFO) Nihar Ranjan.

A dolmen in the middle of the forest means that there was human settlement in the area once, according to archaeologists. Such structures were burial places in the prehistoric Iron Age. The dolmens in the region are scattered across Palani Hills. Thandikudi is a prominent site. Dolmens were also spotted in Pandrimalai near Dindigul, scholars said.

“There is every possibility for a dolmen in Sirumalai because there are many dolmens spread across the hillocks of the region,” said V Vedachalam, retired archaeologist in the city. Such archaeological structures of anthropological importance should be protected well, archaeologists feel.

The DFO said anyone who wants to pay a visit to the place should get prior permission from the department as it falls under protected area.

source: http://www.timesofindia.indiatimes.com / The Times of India / Home> City> Madurai / by J. Arockiaraj, TNN / July 10th, 2015